Constructivist Epistemologies Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Literature review

Constructivist Epistemologies Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory of Human Development in Contemporary Psychology - Literature survey Example Piaget’s advancement of a structure for a constructivist epistemology just as the requirement for the outflow of this in a hypothesis of social brain science can be viewed as an essential impact on the improvement of Bronfenbrenner’s ‘Ecological Systems Theory’.1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 I. Presentation 3 II. Constructivist Epistemology 5 III. Subjective Synthesis and Knowledge Processing 7 IV. The Social Construction of Knowledge 8 V. The Role of Education in Knowledge Construction and Personal Development 10 VI. Nature, Psychology, and Systems Theory 12 VII. End 14 15 VIII. References 15 â€Å"Ecological frameworks hypothesis is a way to deal with investigation of human improvement that comprises of the 'logical investigation of the dynamic, common convenience, for the duration of the existence course, between a functioning, developing individual, and the changing properties of the quick settings wherein the creating individual lives, as thi s procedure is influenced by the relations between these settings, and by the bigger settings wherein the settings are embedded.† â€Å"Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development† + Urie Bronfenbrenner (2005, p.107) I. ... In the â€Å"Handbook of Child Psychology: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development† (2006), William Damon and Richard M. Lerner offer the expression that oneself is an individual epistemology, which in its straightforwardness has significant ramifications for the way to deal with mental system, a hypothesis of information, and furthermore close to home character. (Damon and Lerner, 2006) Bronfenbrenner’s ‘Ecological Systems Theory’ of human advancement is situated in a constructivist epistemology that clarifies self-awareness through entwining conditions that identify with information frameworks in the family, school, working environment, culture, and history. Learning, memory, thinking, and conduct all incorporate parts of the manner in which the psyche captures, forms, and applies information frameworks to the earth. In putting together mental strategy with respect to a constructivist epistemology, a phenomenological way to deal with understanding human advancement through language, information, and personal conduct standard molding identified with frameworks hypothesis is proposed by Bronfenbrenner. Damon and Lerner (2006) refer to the accompanying examinations as mental references for the comprehension of the self as a â€Å"personal epistemology†, the assorted variety emphasizing the scope of ‘Ecological Systems Theory’ in down to earth application: The â€Å"McMaster Model of Family Functioning† (NB Epstein, DS Bishop - Family Studies Review, 1984 †likewise: 1973, 1981, 1991) â€Å"Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes, Self-regard, and Stereotypes† (AG Greenwald, Psychological Review, 1995) â€Å"The Psychology of Personal Constructs - Vols. 1 and 2† (GA Kelly, New York: Norton: 1955) â€Å"The Self in Thought and Memory† (H Markus †‘The Self in

Costing System of Frank Burgess Organizationâ€Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Clarify On Costing System Of Frank Burgess Organization? Answer: Presentation The costing framework has accepted a position of unique significance in the association inferable from the advantage it has. It is structured in a way that helps in assessment of the costs that are brought about by the business. The framework is made out of procedures, control, reports, and so forth that are created to answer to the administration as for costs, incomes, and benefit. Item costing framework is used by different associations with the goal that an assessment should be possible of the produced products (Venanci, 2012). Item costing gives points of interest to the association in different angles. The item costing framework helps in following the costs and gives a solid track of the costs. In the nonappearance, the association may endure. Reason for an item costing framework Item Costing System is the framework utilized by the executives of various associations to survey the item expenses of the products made or bought with the end goal of resale. The expenses of merchandise brought about preceding its deal are named as item costs. For the situation where the merchandise are made, the item costs are the costs caused during the assembling procedure. Though, on the off chance that the merchandise have been bought, the item costs are the costs caused to buy the stock and cargo and cartage costs acquired to buy the stock (Vanderbeck, 2013). When the expense of items fabricated is surveyed, different costs that are brought about for making the item saleable are added to the expense of items made and the all out item costs are then named as the expense of deals. This all out procedure establishes item costing framework. The principle reason for item costing framework is to survey the above-said costs bit by bit with the goal that the all out expense of deals c an be shown up at and the last benefit be determined for the entire procedure (Larry Christopher, 2012). Different reasons for item costing framework are: It helps in figuring of Costs of merchandise fabricated per item, assessment of the expense at the distinctive procedure of creation, correlation of the item costs brought about with the planned expenses and discover the deviations assuming any. It helps in supporting in a settle on or purchase choice (Spiceland et. al, 2011). Further, it helps the administration in the definition of approaches, obsession of the selling costs of the item and having consideration on item savvy benefit. Further, the item costing framework helps in recognizing over and under utilization of overheads which helps in understanding the impacts of over and under application and acquainting a framework with completely ingest whole overheads over the creation procedure. An appropriate item costing framework is basic with the goal that no expense is left unaltered to the item or administration all things considered. For instance administration segment costing and occupation costing. For the situation in an association there is an absence of legitimate item costing framework, this will prompt unrecorded costs or exaggerated earnings which both are bad for the budgetary strength of an association since it will eventually influence under or exaggeration of benefits. Besides, the item may be under estimated or over valued which may likewise hurt the notoriety of the organization. In a defective market circumstance where deals are for the most part subordinate upon the item valuing, it is vital significant that item is as of now evaluated (whole expenses are consumed) with the goal that the item can meet out the opposition in the market. For e.g, if Pepsi needs to contend in the market, it needs to keep its costs serious with its rivals like Coca-Cola in light of the fact that a little change in their cost may prompt a tremendous change in deals volume. On the off chance that the other way around happens that is Coca-Cola changes its costs, Pepsi needs to similarly respond to the costs that are chopped down its expense or net revenue in order to stay in the opposition. Consequently, an item costing framework ought to be right and all around actualized in an association. Timetable of Cost of merchandise made or Cost of Goods sold Calendar of Cost of Goods Manufactured and Cost of Goods Sold Cost Sheet Amount($) Opening Stock-Raw Material 12,000 Include : Raw Material Purchased (according to Appendix-A) 1,80,000 Less : Closing Stock-Raw Material 12,000 Cost of Raw Material expended 1,80,000 Direct Labor Cost 1,82,000 Prime Cost 3,62,000 Include: Factory Overheads Protection Factory 14,000 Aberrant Labor Cost 1,18,000 Include: WIP-Opening Stock 4,500 Less: WIP - Closing Stock 33,500 Manufacturing plant Cost 4,65,000 Include: Administrative Costs Compensation 24,000 Cost of Production of Goods Manufactured 4,89,000 Include: Opening Stock - Finished Goods 11,000 Include: Other Administrative Costs Fix Factory 8,000 Deterioration - Factory Building 8,000 Deterioration - Factory Equipment 16,000 Deterioration - Office Equipment 1,800 Less: Closing Stock - Finished Goods 16,000 Cost of Production of Goods sold 5,17,800 A few Items that have been rejected from the timetables are : Commercial 12,000 Deals Salary 90,000 Travel Entertainment-Sales 14,100 General Liability Insurance 2,400 Land Tax-Factory 4,500 The purpose behind rejection of these things from the Cost of Production of Goods Manufactured and Cost of Production of Goods sold is that these costs are not straightforwardly identified with the creation of merchandise. These costs are of aberrant nature and will be incorporated while ascertaining Cost of Sales (Shim Siegel, 2009). Just those costs have been incorporated above which are legitimately related with the creation of merchandise. T-Accounts Answer-2 Crude Materials Points of interest Points of interest Opening Balance 12,000 Crude Material Used/Transferred to 1,80,000 Acquisition of Raw Material 1,80,000 Assembling Account (Informative supplement - A) (adjusting figure) Shutting Balance 12,000 All out 1,92,000 All out 1,92,000 Work in Process Points of interest Points of interest Opening Balance 4,500 By WIP tfrd to Finished Goods 4,65,000 (adjusting figure) Tfr from Raw Material A/c 1,80,000 Direct Labor (5200 hrs @ 1,82,000 $ 35) Overheads : Backhanded Labor Cost 1,18,000 Processing plant Insurance 14,000 Shutting Balance 33,500 All out 4,98,500 All out 4,98,500 Completed Goods Points of interest Points of interest Opening Balance 11,000 Cost of Sales 5,17,800 Tfr from WIP Account 4,65,000 (adjusting figure) Overheads : Compensation 24,000 Fix Factory 8,000 Deterioration - Factory Building 8,000 Deterioration - Factory Equipment 16,000 Deterioration - Office Equipment 1,800 Shutting Balance 16,000 5,33,800 All out 5,33,800 Assembling Overheads Points of interest Points of interest Genuine Overheads 1,68,500 WIP Account - Overheads 1,32,000 (All out Shown) Under/Over Application of Overheads 36,500 (adjusting figure) All out 1,68,500 All out 1,68,500 Records Payable/leasers Points of interest Points of interest Opening equalization 12,000 Installment to Sundry Creditors 1,80,000 Buys during the period 1,80,000 (Informative supplement A) Shutting Balance 12,000 All out 1,92,000 All out 1,92,000 Cost of Goods Sold Points of interest Points of interest Completed Stock A/c 5,17,800 Move to Costing Profit and Loss A/c Selling Distribution Overheads (adjusting figure) 6,40,800 Promotion 12,000 Deals Salary 90,000 Travel Entertainment-Sales 14,100 General Liability Insurance 2,400 Land Tax-Factory

Essay Topics For Fourth Grade

Essay Topics For Fourth GradeEssay topics for fourth grade students can be quite a challenge. It is particularly important that they find topics that will be interesting to them, but it's even more important that they find topics that will be useful in the end. Essay topics are not a problem in the first place, but as the year goes on, it becomes more difficult to come up with topics that are good enough for the purpose of writing.Fourth grade students should have many essay topics to choose from. Students are still in their very early developmental stages of becoming writers. This means that while their essays are getting better, the concepts are still being taught. Therefore, they will need a lot of help to write great papers in the future.When essay topics for fourth graders were created, a lot of the topics did not require much time or effort on the part of the students. For example, most of the topics involved remembering someone, finding a word, discovering a new concept, and t he idea of something being new. These subjects will get very tired by the time the students graduate from the first grade, so it will not be necessary to spend a lot of time on this topic until the next year.However, many of the topics that used to be able to be included in the curriculum may not be possible any longer. If you look at past papers, you will see that some of the topics were almost always about the colors blue and green. As the student progressed through their lives, they would be asked to write about topics such as countries or the stars. This was probably because the writing curriculum just did not include a huge number of subjects on which to write an essay.For the most part, the curriculum will be tested again in the fourth grade. However, it will still depend on the subject that you choose to teach to your students. What might be helpful in your school for some other school will be completely useless in yours.So, in order to make sure that you have a large variety of topics to choose from, you will want to start writing in your essay in the current year, but write the ideas from the previous year. The idea is to move away from your previous year's essay topics. Instead, let your students consider what would be a good topic for the next year. Make sure that your students are allowed to choose topics for the next year, but keep in mind that you should be able to follow the process for the entire year.When you begin writing, consider starting your topic in the current year, but make sure that it is totally different from what you wrote in the previous year. When you do this, you can make sure that your students will write more sentences in the topic than if they tried to guess what you were talking about the last time. Remember that students who already know what you were talking about will not be able to do a good job of writing for the topic. It is more important that they come up with ideas than it is to do a good job of writing.You can use possible categories from the previous year to help you plan out the topic. If there is a topic that has yet to be introduced in class, consider writing about it and then add more topics that have been introduced in the current year to include in the next year's topic.

Crime As A Social Matter - 902 Words

With the ever-growing crimes in Paris, crimes became a social matter and not an individual matter. Instead of looking for the problem within an individual, it needs to be looked for in society to overcome the deadly violences. In 1930s Paris, Maza mean by a ‘culture of crime’ as a time period where a large number of crimes have occurred including the famously reported and hidden away in secrets. The importance of the ‘culture of crime’ allowed movement and flexibility of the lower social class to a family of bourgeois and for women to stand up to men to stop sexual abuse. The increasing number of crimes in Paris, this allowed for the establishment for low to middle classes to pursue the life of a bourgeois. No longer was there only three social classes, instead classes in between the existing ones started to show such as the low-middle class or the middle-high class. This phenomenon started with the crime news category in daily newspapers called faits divers, which was the inspiration for the best magazine, Dà ©tective, that served as the reader’s eyes and ears of criminal and dangerous milieus (180). It changed the families of skilled workers because brought thrills and a sense of connection, of the up to date on the information of the city’s foul deeds right in their own living room since it was affordable at the price of one franc fifty. It was essential to know what kind of unlawful act occurred and where it took place as a reassurance to ones safety because the wrongfulShow MoreRelatedChicago Torture Video : 4 Changes With Hate Cri mes, Kidnapping1339 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Chicago Torture Video: 4 Changes with Hate Crimes, Kidnapping† by CNN. The event is about the four young people who kidnapped and tortured a disabled white man on the 6th of January 2017. The suspects included two girls named Brittany Covington- age 18, Tanishia Covington- age 24, and two men- Tesfaye Cooper and Jordan Hill both 18 years of age. The defendants faced questions on the same issue about the video that the defendants streamed on some social sites like Facebook. The incidence happenedRead MoreCrime: Over the past 3 decades, crime has continued to be a major issue that has attracted huge600 Words   |  3 PagesCrime: Over the past 3 decades, crime has continued to be a major issue that has attracted huge public concern characterized with discussion and action that are usually unbalanced and not likely to lessen crime rates. The public concern has also been accompanied by political action and major public expenditure to reduce such incidents. Political discussion and actions as well as public expenditure have played a major role in the reduction of crime rates in the recent past. Recent reports haveRead MoreCrime Statistics : Police Crime Records And Court And Prison Figures916 Words   |  4 PagesCRIME STATISTICS IN THE UK OFFICIAL CRIME STATISTICS Official crime statistics are obtained from ‘the records kept by the police and other official agencies’ (Moore, Aiken, Chapman 2006, p. 267). These records are gathered and published by the Home Office. According to Moore and Sinclair (1995) for an action to be officially categorised as a crime it should be considered as deviant and reported to the police. Then, the police should respond in the way which will start the legal process. There areRead MoreCrime Is Necessary: Durkheim’s Theory of Crime729 Words   |  3 PagesCrime can not be removed completely from society because it will always be the necessary unacceptable norm that can be located in all forms of societies around the world. Crime is regarded, by many people such as politicians and other people of everyday society, as horrid and unnecessary. 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It is also the study of societies influence on a person and the world around them. Sociology is one of the social sciences – disciplines that examine the human or social world. In summary, sociology is the study of human groups and societies, giving emphasis to analysis of the cultures and subcultures of the industrialized world. There are many soc ial factors to sociology such as: religion, ethnicity, race, class, genderRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1496 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media: Some say it is taking over our lives one day at a time, while others say today’s generation of children and teens are just the beginning of a technological revolution that will continue to benefit and make our lives easier one day at a time. Through studying the technological benefits as well as more simply growing up in a technological era, the benefits of social media in our everyday lives becomes more and more clear as opposed to being a nuisance to society as some suggest. SocialRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report1333 Words   |  6 PagesIt is unfortunate that crime exists in our daily lives. There really is no way to stopping crime completely, no matter how many laws or punishment are present, people will continue to keep breaking rules. There are many theories of why that may be the case, for example, Caesar Lo mbroso and his â€Å"atavistic† theory with the Positivist School theory and how people were â€Å"born criminals†, or the Rational Choice Theory, devised by Cornish and Clarke, described that people could think rationally and howRead MoreCrime Is An Act Against The Law1334 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is an act against the law where the consequence of conviction by a court is punishment is a serious one such as imprisonment. The Oxford English Dictionary states that crime is: - â€Å"An act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare†¦An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin†. The government usually set laws that the people must follow, punishment is given for those who lighten those laws. The legal or criminal justice system applies the law and punishesRead MoreMabry Agency Case Study984 Words   |  4 PagesIn countless areas there are higher crime rates, and often specific locations stand out and require additi onal services. Police agencies have spent years trying to find the perfect technique for equally distributing effected resources to advance hot spots. The Mabry agency which is in Harmony, Florida is no different, since their crime rates are on the rise. Which is why we are implementing a new policing program that involves hot spots, and a planned outcome evaluation. The purpose for using hot

External and Internal Analysis of Foxconn - 3425 Words

External and Internal Analysis of Foxconn Introduction Foxconn, or Hon Hai Precision Industry Co, was founded 37 years ago in Taiwan by Terry Gou. The company initially started as a local computer component manufacturer. Over the past decades, Foxconn had been continuously growing to become the world’s largest electronic components manufacturers with the consolidated revenue of 59.32 billion US dollars in 2010. As the largest electronic manufactures, Foxconn provides electronic components to major electronic devices manufacturers across the world. Its clients include Apple, Amazon, Sony, Nintendo, Microsoft, Dell and HP. Since 2011, Foxconn has been expanding its operations in Brazil to increase its supply of Apple products. It has also†¦show more content†¦The industry utilizes a robot-focused manufacturing process to enhance product quality and shorten production time. This robot-focused manufacturing process requires manufacturers to invest large capital expenditures before initiating production. As a result, manufacturers experience high fixed costs, high exit and high entry barrier. Since the products are relatively indifferent to the customers, customers could easily substitute one manufacturer’s product with that of another manufacturer’s at the same cost. This attracts a large number of competitors to enter the industry and compete for market share. Entry Barriers: High * High economies of scale * Large capital investments * Existing firm possession of resources that are difficult to duplicate in the short term such as favorable locations and political contracts * A past history of aggressive retaliation * Access to cheap labor Economy of scale is a way for manufacturers to gain competitive advantage and to minimize the average cost. Foxconn and its competitors maximize the benefit of economies of scale by increasing its production. The favorable locations and political contracts also provide cost advantages. These political and favorable locations advantages are hard for new competitors to duplicate in a short period of time. Moreover, Foxconn and its competitors will initiate a retaliation to drive new entrants out of business. ForShow MoreRelatedManaging Organisational Change at Foxconn’s Factories in Contemporary China4629 Words   |  19 Pagescorporate structure is urgent. In 2010, a series of tragedies among workers at Foxconn in China has again proved the necessities to initiate fundamental changes in accordance to the new social and economical conditions in China. A total of 12 deaths and 2 suicide attempts pointed out severe issues of Foxconn’s policies and management style, and has triggered a number of nationwide protests against the company (Luk, 2010). 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The History of Public Health and the Role of the...

Running head: PUBLIC HEALTH AND ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 1 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 2 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse When considering the evolution of healthcare and the role of the nurse in the United States, many people might first consider this in the context of the hospital setting. While the history of acute care is an important area to consider, it is imperative that equal attention be given to the history of public health and the role played by the nurse in this segment of the healthcare continuum. The purpose of this paper is to outline the history of the public health nurse and to specifically look at the role of nursing in†¦show more content†¦27). PUBLIC HEALTH AND ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE 3 Historically, public health nurses have worked to improve the quality of life of vulnerable populations by striving to optimize health and social conditions. The population targeted by this profession is still consistent with this premise in the 21st century. Public health nurses in this day and age still work with vulnerable groups, but also with the general public. In public health nursing today, â€Å"high-risk, vulnerable populations are often the focus of care and may include the frail elderly, homeless individuals, sedentary individuals, smokers, teen mothers, and those at risk for a specific disease† (Kulbok, Thatcher, Park, Meszaros, 2012, para 3) Impact on Nursing Practice The role of the community or public health nurse in regards to hospice care is the position to be elaborated upon for this assignment. Generally, in order for a patient to qualify for healthcare coverage for hospice care, they must have a life expectancy of six months or less. Traditionally, people have considered patients with cancer to be the primary recipients of hospice care, but most any terminal disease process should qualify for this in home end of life care if the patient’s needs can be adequately met. There are also hospice care facilities where the patient is either transferred to a unit specified for this level of care, or a patientShow MoreRelatedHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Walden University NURS 4010 Section 04, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 10 / 21 / 2012 The History of Public Health and the Role of the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. The focus of public health nursing was on sanitation, communicable diseaseRead MoreHistory Of Public Health Nursing880 Words   |  4 Pages The public health nurse has been called the leader in making improvements in the quality of health care for individuals, families, populations and communities (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). As it has been stated nurses from around the world collaborate with one another and found that their population centered nursing share more similarities than differences (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Nurses who work outside of an institutional setting has been referred to as public health nurses, visiting nursesRead MorePublic Health Nursing History1148 Words   |  5 PagesVisiting home health nurses are a well-known profession and becoming more popular as time grows. The service of public health nursing was carried out on the frontier by nurses under the name of â€Å"Visiting nurse services† which were part of the late 19th century health reform out of ‘The Henry Street House’ in 1893, as discussed in the film â€Å"Nursing in America – A History of Social Reform†. They held many roles outside of nursing, those roles and missions and struggles will be discussed. The HenryRead MoreNursing And Public Health Nursing1537 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders and explain how their contributions impacted community/public health nursing. When it comes to nursing, there have been and are a number of individuals that have made a difference in nursing and have made a positive impact on nursing itself. Some of these impacts are still around and used today. There were a number of nurses who made a positive impact and made a difference in the lives of others and have saved lives as well. Without these nurses, hospitals and doctors would not be the same andRead MoreHistory of Community Health Nursing Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Community Nursing Matrix As long as people have existed, they needed to look after their health. As a result, the healthcare industry was born. Nurses were a vital part of that growing community. This paper will approach three different historical periods in the United States, discuss the nurse’s role in the community in regards to the major health issues of that period, how they partnered with the community to create new programs and finish with an intellectual discussion on how JeanRead MoreEssay about Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing1093 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing NUR/405 University of Phoenix Material Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing Event or Influence: 2001 No Child Left Behind Act Key health issues This law was signed into law by George W. Bush on January 8, 2002 (Frontline, 2013). This law is a check point or educational average that measures improvement or decline in student ability through grades 3-8 annually in math and readingRead MorePublic Health School Nurse Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Leads to a Healthier Community Elizabeth Ann Gonzalez Holmes Community College: Nursing II School Nursing Leads to a Healthier Community According to the National Center for Education Statistics there will be approximately 50.7 million students enrolled in the public-school system in the United States of America for fall of 2017 (National Center for Education Statistics, 2017). With childhood illnesses on the rise the need for public health school nurses are increasing, and the responsibilitiesRead MorePublic Health and Occupational Health Nursing732 Words   |  3 PagesPublic Health and Occupational Health Nursing The history of nursing is one of continual growth and development. The development of public health nursing as a profession is no different. The purpose of this paper is to look at how public health nursing has progressed and examine the impact it has had on contemporary work environments. History of Public Health Nursing Each generation brought with it new challenges, and public health nursing grew, along with other nursing professionsRead MoreA Pioneer in the Nursing Profession, Lillian Wald Essay717 Words   |  3 Pagesways. Wald is mostly recognized for her pioneering in public health nursing, but she impacted nursing as a whole in a way that changed the profession forever. Beginning of Ms. Wald’s Career In 1891, at the age of 22, Lillian Wald decided to attend nursing school. She moved to New York and acquired her education at New York Hospital’s Training School for nurses (National Women’s Hall of Fame, 2011, para. 1). Wald then became a registered nurse after completing school, and began her career. She startedRead MoreNeighborhood News: A Summary of Events from Episode 51837 Words   |  7 PagesNeighborhood News Summarize the events which took place during Episode 5 In episode 5, there is a forest fire that has been impacting the community. At first, this was supposed to be something that was easily contained. However, the dry and windy conditions have made the situation more extreme (with the lingering smoke posing as a health risk). As a result, an advisory has been issues for everyone to stay indoors unless outside travel is absolutely necessary. For the hospital, this means that

Ice Man free essay sample

Have you ever been treated unfairly? Have you ever been treated like you have no rights at all? Most people have, but few of them have been treated as badly as Victor and his friends were in â€Å"Ice Man† written by Elmore Leonard, just because they are Native Americans. â€Å"Ice Man† is fiction. In â€Å"Ice Man† the narrator is an unknown 3rd person narrator. He does not enter the characters minds, he only tells us what they say and what they do. And therefore he must be a person that does not take part in the actual scene, but he must be there. Because he is a 3rd person narrator, his opinions are objective and therefore trustworthy. Victor is one of the main characters in â€Å"Ice Man†. Victor is an Indian, or you may call it a Native American, from the Mimbreno Apache tribe. Victor is a bull rider. He rides bulls for money is competitions and this is seen in the lines 6-7 on page 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Ice Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"He won Top Bull Rider, 4. 000 dollars and a new saddle at the All-Indian National Rodeo in Palm Springs†. Victor is also a fearless bull rider, because he looks into the eyes of a bull to see if it still wanted to kill him, â€Å"He walked to the gate not bothering to look at the bulls, see if they still wanted to kill him†. Line 5 on page 1. Victor has worked for a man called Kyle McCoy since he was a little boy. Working for Kyle, Victor learned how to ride a bull and feel what the bull was going to do next, this is shown on page 2 lines 6-8, â€Å"Now he was telling them what he’d learned about bulls working for Kyle McCoy since he was little a kid†. But even though he had learned a lot from Kyle, Victor had to figure out most of the things by himself. Victor is also quiet bold. When the ICE Man turns to him in the bar, he does not act scared. He is kind of cheeky towards the ICE Man, especially when he says, â€Å"Does it mean you deliver ice to places like this one for drinks, maybe shrimp cocktails? † which he does on page 3 lines 24-25. When the ICE Man confronts Victor and his friends about them drinking alcohol, he asks them to show him some identification that can prove that they are old enough to drink alcohol. But in the way Victor answers, â€Å"This is what it’s about, my age? † on page 4 line 4, you can tell that Victor did not believe that ICE Man came to him because of his age, but instead because of his race. Victor is very proud of being an Indian or Native American, and that is why he always answers ICE Man back, because he feels like he is being offended and treated unfairly. Page 5 lines 10-11, â€Å"Bring them all here to sit with their rifles, Victorio, Cochise, Geronimo†¦. Those guys doing whatever they wanted†, tells us that Victor looks back at the days, when the Indian chiefs could do whatever they wanted and were not tied down by any laws. ICE Man’s real name is Darryl Harris and the ICE in ICE Man stands for Immigration and Customs enforcement. His job is to control whether immigrants have immigrated illegally or legally. In many ways ICE Man appears racist. He compares the Indians to other coloured people and says they all look pretty much the same. He also feels kind of supercilious. Page 4 lines 16-17, â€Å"The bulls buck any, or they too old? I can cite you now for tryin’ to bribe an officer of the law. † This is one of the situations where ICE Man feels supercilious, because he thinks that Victor is bribing him, but he actually just shows ICE Man the money he had won in the contest. ICE Man in general is a racist, multiple times he calls them â€Å"Red nigger†, and he sees nothing wrong with arresting Victor and his friends just because of their race, this is shown on page 5 line 31 when Celeste asks â€Å"The only reason being they’re Indians? † and ICE Man answers at page 5 line 33 â€Å"What’s wrong with that? †. The story takes place somewhere in a Mexican environment in Palm Springs, California. The environment is very much like what you see in Western movies. It is kind of old fashion. But that does not mean that the time the story takes place in is a long time ago. On page 4 line 35, â€Å"†We’re through here†, picked up his cellphone and said†¦. †. This shows us that the story takes place in a relatively modern time. The theme in this fiction is racial discrimination in USA. In the old fashion parts of America it is very easy to get repressed if you are just a little bit different. But it does not make any sense that there is so much racial discrimination in USA, because it is the country with the biggest diversity of different races.